Effect of Different Feed Additives on Ensiled Carrot Straw as an Animal Feed

B. Muwakhid, U. Kalsum, A. M. Wati

Abstract

The problem that often comes by farmers is a shortage of feed in the dry season; one of the technologies that can be used is silage. Carrot straw (CRS) can be used as a silage material because of its abundance and nutritional value, which is good for the livestock. The purpose of this study is to know about the differences in the provision of feed additives, i.e., Lactobacillus casei-A, Lactobacillus plantarum, and Lactobacillus casei-B of the composition of CRS  silage. Making silage by means of CRS was weighed, CRS was placed on a tray and added with feed additives based on experimental treatment, CRS was mixed thoroughly, stored, and closed in a laboratory-scale silo then placed at 26-28oC. CRS was given with three different feed additive treatments: CRS + 0.01% Lactobacillus casei-A, CRS + 0.01% Lactobacillus plantarum, CRS + 0.01% Lactobacillus casei-B. Ensiling was carried out for 21 days in four replications for each treatment, and each replication was made in duplicate. Statistical analysis after the data was obtained was using the SAS University application specification 4.0 red hat (64-bit) with code, and the difference between the treatment means (P<0.01) was determined using Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT). This study resulted that the different types of use of lactic acid bacteria had a significant effect (P<0.01) on organic matter content (OM), crude fiber content (CF), extract ether content (EE), nitrogen-free extract (NFE), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF). This study concludes that the difference in the provision of feed additives affects the chemical composition of carrot straw silage. To sum up, Lactobacillus casei-A has a good value on NFE while Lactobacillus casei-B has a good value on OM, CF, EE, NDF, and ADF.

 Keywords

carrot straw; chemical composition; silage

 Full Text:

PDF

References

Adli, D.N., O. Sjofjan, M.H. Natsir, Y.F. Nuningtyas, N.U. Sholikah and A.C. Marbun. 2020. The effect of replacing maize with fermented palm kernel meal (FPKM) on broiler performance. Livest. Res. Rural. Dev. 32.

Al-Arif, M.A, L.T. Suwanti, A.T.S. Estoepangestie & M. Lamid. 2017. The nutrients contents, dry matter, digestibility, organic matter digestibility, total digestible nutrient, and NH3 rumen production of three kinds of cattle feeding models. The Veterinary Medicine International Conference. 12-4 July, 2017.Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia.

Alhaag, H., X. Yuan, A. Mala, J. Bai and T. Shao. 2019. Fermentation characteristics of Lactobacillus plantarum and Pediococcussp. isolated from sweet sorghum silage and their application assilage inoculants. Appl. Sci. 9:1-17.

AOAC. 1995. 16th edition. Official methods of analysis association of official analytical chemists. Washington, DC.

Beigh, Y.A., A.M. Ganai and H.A. Ahmad. 2017. Prospects of complete feed system in ruminant feeding: A review. Vet. World.

Bintsis, T. 2018. Review article: lactic acid bacteria: their applications in foods. J Bacteriol Mycol 6.

Borreani, G., E. Tabacco, R.J. Schmidt, B.J. Holmes and R.E. Muck§. 2018. Silage review: factors affecting dry matter and quality losses in silages. J. Dairy Sci. 101: 3952-3979.

Coblentz, W.K. and M.S. Akins. 2018. Silage review: Recent advances and future technologies for baled silages. J. Dairy Sci. 5: 4075-4092.

Ertekin, I. and M. Kızılşimşek. 2020. Effects of lactic acid bacteria inoculation in pre-harvesting period on fermentation and feed quality properties of alfalfa silage. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci. 2:245-253.

Fuller, M.F, N.J. Benevenga, S.P. Lall, K.J. McCracken, H.M. Omed, R.F.E. Axford and C.J.C. Philips. 2004. The Encyclopedia of Farm Animal nutrition. CABI Publ. Oxon, UK.

Goneim, G.A, F.Y. Ibrahim and Sh.M. El-Shehawy. 2011. Carrot leaves: antioxidative and nutritive values. JFDS. 2.

Gupta, R., K. Jeevaratnam and A. Fatima. 2018. Lactic acid bacteria: probiotic characteristic, selection criteria, and its role in human health (a review). J. emerg. technol. innov. res. 5.

Hartati, L., I. Sumantri and A. Agus. 2014. Supplementation of rumen by pass protein-fat: effect on feed intake, nutrient digestibility and the profile of duodenal digesta fatty acids. Animal Production 16:95-100.

Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development. 2012. Pakan Berserat Tinggi untuk Penggemukan Sapi Potong. http://www.litbang.pertanian.go.id/teknologi/77/. [20 August 2020].

Isnandar, R.U., S. Chuzaemi, E. Sutariningsih & L.M. Yusiati. 2010. The role of lactic acid bacteria on silage duration process and rumen content silage quality. The 5th International Seminar on Tropical Animal Production Community Empowerment and Tropical Animal Industry. 19-22 October 2010.Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.

Jaimes, L.J.C, A.M.M. Giraldo and H.J.C. Correa. 2019. What is the Acid Detergent Fiber (ADF) made of. Livest. Res. Rural. Dev. 31: 1-9.

Khan, M.J., K.J. Peters and M.M. Uddin. 2009. Feeding strategy for improving dairy cattle productivity in small holder farm in bangladesh. Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 38: 67-85.

Lock, A.L., C.L. Preseault, J.E. Rico, K.E. DeLand and M.S. Allen. 2013. Feeding a C16:0-enriched fat supplement increased the yield of milk fat and improved conversion of feed to milk. J. Dairy Sci. 10: 6650-6659.

Mayulu, H., M.C. Sunarso and F. Ballo. 2013. Intake and digestibility of cattle’s ration on complete feed based-on fermented ammonization rice straw with different protein level. Internat. J. of Sci. and Eng. 4:86-91.

Muhakka, A. Wijayaa and M. Ammar. 2015. Nutritional dried matter, crude protein and crude fiber on lowland tidal grass fermented by probiotic microorganisms for use bali cattle feed. Animal Production. 17:24-29.

Oliveira, A.S., Z.G. Weinberg, I.M. Ogunade, A.A.P. Cervantes, K.G. Arriola, YunJiang, DonghyeonKim, XujiaoLi, M.C.M. Gonçalves, D. Vyas and A.T. Adesogan. 2017. Meta-analysis of effects of inoculation with homofermentative and facultative heterofermentative lactic acid bacteria on silage fermentation, aerobic stability, and the performance of dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci 6: 4587-4603.

Patil, A.K., Sachin Kumar, A.K. Verma and R.P.S. Baghel. 2015, Probiotics as Feed Additives in Weaned Pigs: A Review. Livestock Research International. 3: 31-39.

Reyes-Gutiérrez, J., O. Montañez-Valdez, C. Guerra-Medina, A. Ley De Coss. 2018. Effect of the inclusion of additives on the quality of sugarcane silage. Revista MVZ Córdoba. 23: 6710- 6715.

Rinne, M., M. Franco, T. Jalava, E. Järvenpää, M. Kahala, L. Blasco, H Siljander-Rasi, and K. Kuoppala. 2019. Improving the usability of carrot by-products as animal feeds by ensiling. Agr Food Sci. 28: 59–69.

Santos, A.O., C.L.S. Ávila and R.F. Schwan, 2013. Selection of tropical lactic acid bacteria for enhancing the quality of maize silage. J. Dairy Sci. 96 :7777-7789.

Sjofjan, O., D.N. Adli, M.H. Natsir, Y.F. Nuningtyas, I. Bastomi and F.R. Amalia. 2021. The effect of increasing levels of palm kernel meal containing α-β-mannanase replacing maize to growing-finishing hybrid duck on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, carcass trait, and VFA. J. Indones. Trop. Anim. Agric.. 46(1): 29-39.

Soundharrajan, H., K. Muthusamy, Ouk-Kyu Han, Hyun Jeong Lee, S. Purushothaman, Dahye Kim and Ki Choon Choi. 2020. Effects of Microbial Inoculants on the Fermentation and Preservation of Triticale Silages at High and Low Moisture Levels. Appl. Sci. 10: 1-13.

The Association of American Feed Control Officials (AAFCO). 2018. Fibre analysis of animal feed :Crude fibre, neutral detergent fibre and acid detergent fibre – the standards and the automation options. Champaign. Illinois. Amerika Serikat.

Venkataramanan, R., S. Gunasekaran, C. Sreekumar, R Anilkumar and M. Iyue. 2015. Nutritional value and suitability of carrot whole top as green fodder. Ind. J. Vet. & Anim. Sci. Res 44: 49-52.

Wati, A. M, Mei-Jen Lin and L.E. Radiati. 2018. Physicochemical characteristic of fermented goat milk added with different starters lactic acid bacteria. Jitek. 13: 54-62.

Zivkov-Balos, M., S. Jakšić & M. Jovicin. 2015. The determination of the quality in cereal silages supplemented with pumpkin and carrot. First International Symposium of Veterinary Medicine (ISVM).21-23 May 2015. Scientific Vetereinary Institute,Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Republic of Serbia.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.25077/jpi.23.3.240-246.2021

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.
Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.